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This phenomenon reveals something new about electric and magnetic fields. This discovery marked a decisive milestone in the progress not only of science but also of society, and is used today to generate electricity on a large scale in power stations. He found that when an electrical current was passed through a coil, another very short current was generated in a nearby coil. He took the work of Oersted and Ampère on the magnetic properties of electrical currents as a starting point and in 1831 achieved an electrical current from a changing magnetic field, a phenomenon known as electromagnetic induction. As he explained years later, the wire was surrounded by an infinite series of circular concentric lines of force, which he termed the magnetic field of the current. He repeated Oersted’s experiment placing a small magnet around a current-carrying wire and verified that the force exerted by the current on the magnet was circular. Michael Faraday delivering a Christmas Lecture at the Royal Institution in 1856 / Credits: Wikipediaįaraday made his first discovery of electromagnetism in 1821.
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Faraday himself gave many of these lectures. The following year he launched the Christmas Lectures for young people -now broadcast on national television every year-, a series whose objective is to present science to the general public. In 1826 Faraday established the Friday Evening Discourses at the Royal Institution, which are a channel of communication between scientists and laymen. Faraday is also recognized as a great popularizer of science. In 1833 he became the first Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution. Faraday made such an impression on Davy that when the latter was asked about his greatest discovery, Davy answered: “My greatest discovery was Michael Faraday”. Faraday was hired the 1st of marcha 1813 as Humphry Davy’s laboratory assistant at the Royal Institution in London, where he was elected a member in 1824 and where he worked until his death in 1867, first as Davy’s assistant, then as his collaborator, and finally, after Davy’s death, as his succesor. His passion for science was awakened by the description of electricity he read in a copy of the Encyclopædia Britannica he was binding, after which he started experimenting in an improvised laboratory. He left school when he was thirteen and started working in a bookbinding shop. The only basic formal education he received was in reading, writing and arithmetic as a child. Michael Faraday was born in South London to a humble family.
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He explained electrolysis in terms of electrical forces and also introduced concepts such as field and lines of force, which not only were fundamental to understanding electrical and magnetic interactions but also formed the basis of further advances in physics. He discovered electromagnetic induction, which led to the invention of the dynamo, the forerunner to the electric generator. Michael Faraday (1791-1867) / Credits: Wikipediaįaraday’s case is not common in the history of physics: although his training was very basic, the laws of electricity and magnetism are due much more to Faraday’s experimental discoveries than to any other scientist. The following year, in May 1846, Faraday published the article Thoughts on Ray Vibrations, a prophetic publication in which he speculated that light could be a vibration of the electric and magnetic lines of force. This was one of the first indications that electromagnetism and light were related. To be precise, he found that the plane of vibration of a beam of linearly polarized light incident on a piece of glass rotated when a magnetic field was applied in the direction of propagation of the beam. In 1845, just 170 years ago, Faraday discovered that a magnetic field influenced polarized light – a phenomenon known as the magneto-optical effect or Faraday effect. But perhaps it is not so well known that he also made fundamental contributions to the electromagnetic theory of light. Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) is probably best known for his discovery of electromagnetic induction, his contributions to electrical engineering and electrochemistry or due to the fact that he was responsible for introducing the concept of field in physics to describe electromagnetic interaction.